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Path (computing)
A path, the general form of the name of a file or directory, specifies a unique location in a file system. A path points to a file system location by following the directory tree hierarchy expressed in a string of characters in which path components, separated by a delimiting character, represent each directory. The delimiting character is most commonly the slash ("/"), the backslash character ("\"), or colon (":"), though some operating systems may use a different delimiter. Paths are used extensively in computer science to represent the directory/file relationships common in modern operating systems, and are essential in the construction of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). Resources can be represented by either ''absolute'' or ''relative'' paths.
== History ==
Around 1970, Unix introduced the forward slash character ("/") as its directory separator. In 1981, when the original version of Microsoft DOS (MS-DOS 1.0) was released, Microsoft DOS did not support directories. A major portion of the utilities packaged with DOS came from IBM. The command line prompts of these IBM-written utilities made use of the forward slash character as a "switch" which is still existent today (as in dir /w tells the dir command to run with the wide list format option). However, on Unix the dash ("-") character is used for switches. When directory support was introduced in MS-DOS 2.0, IBM desired to keep compatibility with the original DOS utilities, and a host of other programs that had been written to use the forward slash as a switching character. Since the forward slash character already served as a switching utility, Microsoft chose the back slash character ("\") which character-wise looks very similar to the forward slash character ("/") to indicate directory separation.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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